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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fruit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Плодоводство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fruit Growing</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0134-9759</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Институт плодоводства</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fruit-307</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фитоплазмы – патогены растений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phytoplasmas – plant-pathogenic bacteria</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Змушко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zmushko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Ковалёва, 2, аг. Самохваловичи, Минский район, 223013, Беларусь</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belhort@it.org.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>РУП «Институт плодоводства»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>450</fpage><lpage>461</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Змушко А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Змушко А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zmushko A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fruit.belal.by/jour/article/view/307">https://fruit.belal.by/jour/article/view/307</self-uri><abstract><p>Фитоплазмы – группа фитопатогенных бактерий в классе Mollicutes. Это большая группа лишённых клеточной стенки, некультивируемых бактерий, связанных с заболеваниями более тысячи видов растений, в совокупности называемых «желтухами». Фитоплазменная инфекция часто приводит к гибели растений и наносит опустошительный ущерб глобальному сельскохозяйственному производству. Фитоплазмы передаются насекомыми, принадлежащими к семействам Cicadellidae, Cixidae, Psyllidae, Delphacidae, Derbidae. Также фитоплазмы передаются растениями-паразитами (повилика, заразиха). В настоящее время для диагностики, идентификации и изучения фитоплазм используются различные биологические и инструментальные методы: визуальная диагностика, прививка больного растения на растение-индикатор (например, на барвинок розовый (Vinca rosea L.)), различные виды микроскопии, иммунологический анализ, методы молекулярной биологии (молекулярная гибридизация, ПЦР, ПДРФ и др.). В данной статье рассмотрена классификация фитоплазм, их происхождение, морфология, особенности генома, симптомы фитоплазменных заболеваний, методы обнаружения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Phytoplasmas comprises a group of phytopathogenic bacteria in the class Mollicutes. Phytoplasmas are a large group of wall-less, unculturable bacteria associated with diseases, collectively referred to as yellows diseases, of more than a thousand plant species. Phytoplasma infection is often fatal and causes devastating damage to global agricultural production. Phytoplasmas are transmitted by insects belonging to the families Cicadellidae, Cixidae, Psyllidae, Delphacidae, Derbidae. Phytoplasmas are also transmitted through the parasitic plants (dodder and broomrape). Now for diagnostics, identification and investigation of phytoplasmas the different biological and instrumental methods are used: visual diagnostics, grafting of infected plant on indicator plant (for example, Vinca rosea L.), different types of microscopy, immunological analysis, methods of molecular biology (molecular hybridization, PCR, RFLP, etc.). In this article the classification of phytoplasmas, their origin, morphology, genome characteristics, symptoms of phytoplasma diseases, methods of detection are reviewed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фитоплазма</kwd><kwd>класс Mollicutes</kwd><kwd>род Candidatus Phytoplasma</kwd><kwd>насекомые-переносчики</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>Беларусь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>phytoplasma</kwd><kwd>class Mollicutes</kwd><kwd>genus ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’</kwd><kwd>insect vectors</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>Belarus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Host-parasite interaction of phytoplasmas from a molecular biological perspective / A. 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