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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fruit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Плодоводство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fruit Growing</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0134-9759</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Институт плодоводства</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fruit-308</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фитоплазмы плодовых культур</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phytoplasmas, the pathogens of fruit trees</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Змушко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zmushko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Ковалёва, 2, аг. Самохваловичи, Минский район, 223013, Беларусь</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belhort@it.org.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>РУП «Институт плодоводства»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>462</fpage><lpage>467</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Змушко А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Змушко А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zmushko A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fruit.belal.by/jour/article/view/308">https://fruit.belal.by/jour/article/view/308</self-uri><abstract><p>В Европе плодовые деревья семейства Rosaceae значительно поражаются фитоплазмами, принадлежащими к группе пролиферации яблони (apple proliferation group, 16SrX group). Пролиферация яблони вызывается микроорганизмом Candidatus Phytoplasma mali (Ca. P. mali). Экономический ущерб от пролиферации яблони, главным образом, возникает вследствие уменьшения урожайности. Плоды не достигают товарного размера, они безвкусные и имеют нехарактерную для сорта окраску. Истощение и отмирание груши (pear decline) – экономически важное заболевание растений, вызываемое фитоплазмой Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri. Оно сопровождается внезапным покраснением и усыханием листьев, которые затем опадают. Также усыхает кора побегов и стволов.</p><p>В итоге происходит быстрое отмирание всего дерева. Европейская желтуха косточковых (European stone fruit yellows) вызывается фитоплазмой Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum. Инфицированные деревья могут демонстрировать многочисленные симптомы, такие как хлоротическое скручивание листьев, деформация листьев, сниженный терминальный рост, некроз на поперечном срезе ствола и ветвей, верхушечное усыхание (суховершинность), истощение и отмирание.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In Europe, the fruit trees of Rosaceae family are seriously affected by phytoplasmas belonging to the apple proliferation group (16SrX group). The causal agent of apple proliferation is ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ (‘Ca. P. mali’). Apple proliferation cause economic losses due to decrease of productivity. Fruits don't reach the commodity size, they tasteless and have coloring, uncharacteristic for a cultivar. Pear decline is an economically important plant disease caused by the phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’. It is followed by sudden leaf reddening and defoliation. Also bark of shoots and trunks dries out. As a result a fast dying off of whole tree occurs. The European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) is caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’. Infected trees may show numerous symptoms such as chlorotic leaf roll, leaf deformation, reduced terminal growth, necrosis on the cross section of trunk and branches, die-back and decline.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фитоплазма</kwd><kwd>пролиферация яблони</kwd><kwd>истощение и отмирание груши</kwd><kwd>европейская желтуха косточковых</kwd><kwd>Candidatus Phytoplasma mali</kwd><kwd>Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri</kwd><kwd>Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>phytoplasma</kwd><kwd>apple proliferation</kwd><kwd>pear decline</kwd><kwd>European stone fruit yellows</kwd><kwd>Candidatus Phytoplasma mali</kwd><kwd>Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri</kwd><kwd>Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diagnostics of fruit trees phytoplasmas – the importance of latent infections / N. 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