Phytoplasmas – plant-pathogenic bacteria
Abstract
Phytoplasmas comprises a group of phytopathogenic bacteria in the class Mollicutes. Phytoplasmas are a large group of wall-less, unculturable bacteria associated with diseases, collectively referred to as yellows diseases, of more than a thousand plant species. Phytoplasma infection is often fatal and causes devastating damage to global agricultural production. Phytoplasmas are transmitted by insects belonging to the families Cicadellidae, Cixidae, Psyllidae, Delphacidae, Derbidae. Phytoplasmas are also transmitted through the parasitic plants (dodder and broomrape). Now for diagnostics, identification and investigation of phytoplasmas the different biological and instrumental methods are used: visual diagnostics, grafting of infected plant on indicator plant (for example, Vinca rosea L.), different types of microscopy, immunological analysis, methods of molecular biology (molecular hybridization, PCR, RFLP, etc.). In this article the classification of phytoplasmas, their origin, morphology, genome characteristics, symptoms of phytoplasma diseases, methods of detection are reviewed.
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Review
For citations:
Zmushko A.A. Phytoplasmas – plant-pathogenic bacteria. Fruit Growing. 2016;28(1):450-461. (In Russ.)
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