Phytoplasmas, the pathogens of fruit trees
Abstract
In Europe, the fruit trees of Rosaceae family are seriously affected by phytoplasmas belonging to the apple proliferation group (16SrX group). The causal agent of apple proliferation is ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ (‘Ca. P. mali’). Apple proliferation cause economic losses due to decrease of productivity. Fruits don't reach the commodity size, they tasteless and have coloring, uncharacteristic for a cultivar. Pear decline is an economically important plant disease caused by the phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’. It is followed by sudden leaf reddening and defoliation. Also bark of shoots and trunks dries out. As a result a fast dying off of whole tree occurs. The European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) is caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’. Infected trees may show numerous symptoms such as chlorotic leaf roll, leaf deformation, reduced terminal growth, necrosis on the cross section of trunk and branches, die-back and decline.
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Review
For citations:
Zmushko A.A. Phytoplasmas, the pathogens of fruit trees. Fruit Growing. 2016;28(1):462-467. (In Russ.)
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