The paper presents the results of the evaluation of apple hybrid fund by a set of agronomic characteristics in the orchards. The efficiency of selection of middle-ripening genotypes with complex of economically valuable traits in apple hybrid populations, created by crossing the original form with winter consumption period, is presented. As a result of hybridologic analysis by inheritance of a complex of selectable characters in the families was obtained the following number of middleripening promising hybrids: Beloruskoye malinovoye × 96-16/22 – 1 %, Beloruskoye malinovoye × 86-54/131,133,135 – 2 %, Wealthy × Haralson – 4 %. According to the three-year results of the study, five middle-ripening promising hybrids are described in this article.

The article describes the morphological, economic and biological characteristics of the columnar apple variety ‘Moskovskoe ozherelie’ (free-pollination seedling of variety ‘Vazhak’) bred by M.V. Kachalkin (Moscow).

The variety of columnar apple ‘Moskovskoe ozherelie’ in the conditions of Belarus is characterized by high winter hardiness, early maturity (fruiting ion 2nd year after planting), high yield (the average yield for the years of research was 65.8 t/ha), fruit has high quality and attractive appearance, weight 140 g. Optimal consumption period 5 months (OctoberMarch) at storage of fruits with natural cooling.

The variety of columnar apple ‘Moskovskoe ozherelie’ was transferred to the network of the State Variety Testing of the Republic of Belarus in 2014.

The study was carried out in 2011–2013 in the garden planted in 2011 with varieties ‘Valuta’ and ‘President’ on the clone rootstock 54-118. The planting scheme was 1 × 0.5 m. The effect of soil maintenance methods (herbicide treatment, mulching and natural grassing) on the growth and fruiting of plants in plantations of columnar apple varieties was studied.

It was established that mulching was the most effective way of soil maintenance in the orchard. The yield of columnar apple varieties was closely related to the method of soil maintenance. During the years of research, the greatest yield was obtained by mulching the soil with nonwoven material ‘spunbel’. On average, for two seasons, 1.7 kg of fruit per a tree of cv. ‘Valuta’ was received, in the case of ‘President’ – 2 kg per a tree.

Profitability of cultivation of a columnar apple ‘Valuta’ when mulching in inter-row spacing with ‘spanbel’ was 145.8 %.

The recoupment of capital investments after the plantations became fruit-bearing was 0.7 of commercial fruiting when soil in inter-row spacing maintained under the natural grassing, 0.5 in the case of herbicides treatment, and 0.2 for mulching with ‘spunbel’.

In 2015–2016 the study on the formation of leaf surface and yield of apple trees of ‘Imant’ and ‘Nadzeyny’ varieties on dwarf rootstocks 62-396, M-9, PB-4 and semi-dwarf 54-118 and 106-13 in apple orchards with the density of planting 1666-2857 trees per ha depending on vigor of rootstocks was carried out.

It was established that a larger total number of growth points was formed in the trees of both varieties on the semi-dwarf rootstock 54-118, among the dwarf rootstocks - on 62-396.

The leaf area per area unit depended on the density of planting. On the semi-dwarfish rootstocks in the 7th year after planting, the leaf area parameters exceeded the optimum indices of the assimilation surface area for narrow-row orchards.

On average, over the years of research of ‘Imant’ trees, the comparable yield was obtained on the rootstock 62-396 at the planting scheme 3.5 × 1.0 m – 22.9 t/ha and on the rootstock 54-118 at the planting scheme 4.0 × 1.5 m – 21.6 t/ha.

The average yield of 30.0 t/ha and more was obtained from ‘Nadzeyny’ trees on the dwarf rootstock 62-396 at the 3.5 × 1.0 m planting scheme – 32.3 t/ha, on the semi-dwarf root 54-118 at the planting scheme 4.0 × 2.0 m – 30,2 t/ha and at the planting scheme 4.0 × 1.5 m – 45.6 t/ha, and on the rootstock 106-13 – 42.4 and 49.6 t/ha, respectively

The article presents the results of сross pollination of pear cultivars sorted in Belarus: Belarusian pozdnyaya, Desertnaya rossoshanskaya, Velesa, Kudesnitsa, Seayanech Yakovleva, Prosto Maria and new pear cultivars: Kupala, Viliya and Spakusa. These cultivars start blooming when the sum of effective temperatures (≥ 5 °C) reaches 150–173 °C. The flowering terms of the studied pear cultivars coincide. All cultivars, with the exception of Pamayti Yakovleva, have high fertility and viability of pollen. The best pollinators for the studied pear cultivars are identified. The possibility of joint cultivation consisting of two of pear cultivars Belorusskaya pozdnayaya and Velesa, Kupala and Spacusa, Prosto Maria and Spakusa in intensive plantations, according to an analysis of genotypes cross-compatibility, was demonstrated.

Research work was studied in RUE ‘Institute for Fruit Growing’ (Belarus). In this study a different degree of resistance to pear scab caused by the fungus Venturia pirina Aderh. in field conditions was found. The research objects are 119 seedlings received from 5 crossing of pear variety ‘Talgarskaya krasavitsa’ and other parent forms. Using the molecular marker PVf1 in the genomes of cvs. ‘Desertnaya rossoshanskaya’, ‘Patten’, ‘Sokrovische’, ‘Talgarskaya krasavitsa’ and 15 hybrid seedlings the gene fragment to pear scab resistance was identified. The greatest number of plants with this fragment was detected in the hybrid progenies ‘Desertnaya rossoshanskaya’ × ‘Talgarskaya krasavitsa’ and ‘Talgarskaya krasavitsa’ × ‘Sokrovische’.

The article describes studies on the growth and development of a pear variety ‘Prosto Maria’ on the low vigor quince rootstock S1 at the planting schemes 4.0 × 1.5 m and 4.0 × 2.0 m and on the rootstock quince VA-29 at the planting scheme 4.0 × 2.0 m.

The vigor of the rootstock quince S1 at the planting scheme of 4.0 × 2.0 m influenced on the decrease of one-year growth, the sum of one-year growth and the volume of the crown, and the yield gain of the pear variety ‘Prosto Maria’. The increase in yields for all years, a reduction of fruit weight and the increase in the parameters of fruit formations was noted.

The narrowing of the space between the trees in a row up to 1.5 m resulted in the decrease in growth and the volume of the crown. There was the decrease in yields for individual years, as well as the increase in the indicators of fruit formations.

As a result of the studies it was found that the most productive was the combination of the pear variety ‘Prosto Maria’ on the quince S1 rootstock at the planting scheme 4.0 × 1.5 m. The yield in the total for six years was 105.0 t/ha.

The article presents the results of micropropagation and in vitro rooting of promising clonal pear rootstocks: S1 , BA-29, 2.31.

When studying the effect of different concentrations of 6-BA at 0.5 mg/l GA on the multiplication coefficient of pear rootstocks, it was found that the best is the concentration of 6-BA 1.0 mg/l, at which the optimum values of length parameters of shoots and the number of leaves per one plant regenerant were watched. With the content of 6-BA 2.0 mg/l, the phenomenon of vitrification was observed in 12.5 % of micro-plants of rootstock 2.31 and in 5 % of rootstock S1 .

When studying the effect of different concentrations of GA with the content of 6-BA 0.5 mg/l on the main indices of growth and development of pear regenerating plants on the stage of propagation, it was established that the concentration 0.5 mg/l was optimal. Increase in the concentration of gibberellic acid stimulated growth of pear micro-plants in length but somewhat reduced the multiplication coefficient for all forms of rootstocks.

When micro-plants were cultivated in a hormone-free medium, the length of shoots of all forms of rootstocks was about 2 cm, and the average number of leaves per shoot was 5.8. The greatest multiplication coefficient was marked on S1 (2.8). Also 15 % of S1 micro-plants rooted. The rootstock S1 had the highest rooting efficiency (45.0 %) and root length (4.1 cm).

The rootstock BA-29 had the lowest rooting efficiency (3.7).

The studies were carried out in the in vitro laboratory and in the field conditions of Gomel Experimental Station of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in 2012–2014.

The research objects were pear rootstocks: quince VA-29, quince S1 , quince 2.31.

The conditions for the adaptation of the clonal pear rootstocks were determined: the first stage of the adaptation was in a growth chamber on ‘BIONA-112’ substrate with illumination of 2.5–3 thousand lux, temperature 20–22 °C, and a photoperiod of 16 hours. The second stage of the adaptation is in a greenhouse with a regulated environment on a mixture of sand and peat «Dvina» in a ratio of 1:3, a temperature of 22–25 °C and an air humidity of 65–70 %, and a soil moisture of 60 %. The third stage of the adaptation is in open field conditions.

The survival rate of the studied forms of quince was at the first stage of adaptation – S1 – 93.0 %, VA-29 – 87.0 % and 2.31 – 91.0 %; at the second stage – S1 – 98.3 %, VA-29 – 45.4 and 2.31 – 42.7 %; in the third stage – S1 – 90.0 %, 2.31 – 89.0 %, VA-29 – 83.0 %.

Article presents the description of morphological characters of introduced clonal rootstock Julien GF 655/2: mother bush, annual shoots, leaf lamina. The rootstock was breeded in France in the locality Pont De La Maye, at the research station La Grande Ferrade.

The results of rootstock Julien GF 655/2 study in orchard in conditions of South West region of the Republic of Belarus are presented. Commercial yield at the studied rootstock on the trees variety ‘Kometa Kubanskaya’ on the 8th year of growth in the orchard was 17.3 t per ha, on the trees ‘Victoria’ – 26.2 t per ha (5 × 3 m planted scheme). The level of profitability of rootstock/variety combination ‘Kometa Kubanskaya’/’Julien GF 655/2 was 56.4 %, combination ‘Victoria’ / Julien GF 655/2 – 120.9 %.

In 2009, according to the results of study in Brest Regional Agricultural Experimental Station of the National Science Academy of Belarus the rootstock was transferred to the State Variety Testing System of The Republic of Belarus. In 2017 it was included in Variety Register for home cultivation.

The research work was carried out in 2015-2016 in the biotechnology department in The Institute for Fruit Growing and in The Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The chemical composition of fruits and plum plants infected with Plum pox virus in vivo, and plum regenerated plants in vitro after chemotherapy of PPV (20 mg/L virazole) was estimated. The chemical indicators of fruits, leaves and regenerated plants were evaluated using a CHNS analyzer (N, S, C, H) and atomic emission spectroscopy (P, Ca, K, Mg, B, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Na, Cr, S). The obtained results indicated changes in the chemical composition of fruits and leaves of plants infected with Plum pox virus, as well as absorption and accumulation of nutrients when cultivating the infected plants in vitro and with chemotherapy.

The research was carried out in 2015–2016 in the Institute of Physico-Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and in the Department of Biotechnology of the Institute for Fruit Growing. The method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has previously determined the carbohydrate content in plum fruits of different varieties, depending on the damage of the plants by sharka, as well as carbohydrates and amino acids in the leaves of the same trees. A decrease in the total carbohydrate content in the fruits of infected plants was found, mainly due to glucose and sorbitol. In the corresponding samples of leaves, the content of sorbitol was most significantly reduced. For the amino acids identified in the leaves, a tendency has been found to increase their content in plant samples infected with the virus.

This article presents research on the selection of pollinating varieties for the modern assortment of myrobalan plum. The objects of the research were 11 varieties of the collection of The Institute for Fruit Growing. In the framework of this study, reciprocal crosses were carried out, and the gametic sterility of these varieties was evaluated.

The best pollinators that have a high fertility (87–94 %) and viability (50–77 %) for studied cultivar are – ‘Asaloda’, ‘Pramen’ and ‘Puteshestvennitsa’

The dependence of explant regeneration and gemmagenesis in vitro on genotype was noted using sour cherry cultuvars Rovesnitsa, L’ubskaya, Livenskaya, Volochaevka, Griot Seridko, Zaranka, Zhivitsa and Üjfehértói Fürtös. 50 % hydrogen peroxide at the exposition of 10 min for bud sterilization at the beginning of active plant growth (the end of February - early March) is effective for getting of aseptic explants. The nutrition medium for initiation in vitro culture with IBA (0.2 mg/l) and 6-BA (1 mg/l) is optimal for explant regeneration for cv. Zaranka, Zhivitsa and Griot Seridko.

The influence of sour cherry genotype was noted on gemmagenesis. The minimum of the multiplication rate was observed on the modified Murashige-Skooga medium with 1 mg/l of 6-BA for cv. Griot Seridko and Zaranka. The combined use of cytokinin (6-BA) and auxin (NAA) improved the gemmagenesis of the cv. Zhyvitsa and Zaranka, as a result of which the multiplication rate almost doubled.

The article presents the results of the study of the infection of 8 varieties of cherries and 7 varieties of sweet cherry by monilial blight (Monilia laxa Ehr.) and fruit rot (Monilia fructigena Pers.) against the natural and artificial infection backgrounds. The field observations and artificial infection confirmed the fact of destruction of cherries by moniliales burn.

In natural conditions the variety of sweet cherry ‘Minchanka’ showed resistance to monilial blight; all the investigated varieties of cherries ‘Vyanok’, ‘Griot Belorussky’, ‘Dolgozdannaya’, ‘Novodvorskaya’, ‘North Star’, ‘Orlitza’, ‘Prevoskhodnaya Kolesnikovoi’, ‘Turgenevka’, and varieties of sweet cherry ‘Büttner’, ‘Gronkovaya’, ‘Minchanka’, ‘Severnaya’ showed resistance and to fruit rots.

Against the artificial infection background varieties of cherries resistant to monilial blight were not revealed. The slightly infected varieties were cherry ‘Griot Belorussky’ and sweet cherry varieties ‘Minchanka’, ‘Narodnaya’, ‘Severnaya’.

The varieties of cherries ‘Griot Belorussky’, ‘Novodvorskaya’, ‘Prevoskhodnaya Kolesnikovoi’, ‘Vyanok’ showed the resistance to fruit rot against the artificial infection background. Sweet cherry varieties that are resistant to fruit rot under the conditions of artificial infection background were not revealed. ‘Severnaya’ was damaged by infection slightly.

The differentiation between the cherry varieties in degree of damage by different forms of monilia evidenced the prospects of looking for resistant genotypes among the broader set of varieties.

The article presents the results of the study of elite hybrids 86–11/31 and 89–17/59 on a complex of economically valuable characters in the garden of primary variety trials. The elite hybrid 89-17/59 bred by hybridization of sweet cherry varieties ‘Narodnaya’ and ‘Valery Chkalov’ was selected. The elite hybrid 89–17/59 was transferred to the State System of Variety Trial under the name of ‘Maria’, characterized by winter hardiness, large fruit (average weight – 6.1 g), relative resistance to cherry leaf spot, high solids content in fruits (16.9 %), high taste fruit quality (tasting score – 4.7 points).

The article presents the results of the study of 12 introduced red and white currant varieties having different ecological and geographical origin: ‘Svyatomihaylovskaya’, ‘Ulyublena’, ‘Polyana’, ‘Vatra’, ‘Darnitsa’, ‘Troitskaya’, ‘Viksne krasnaya’, ‘Lasunya’, ‘Marmeladnitsa’, ‘Dana’, ‘Pervenets’ and ‘Bayana’ (white currant).

The studies were carried out in the experimental fields in the department of soft fruit of The Institute for Fruit Growing. The results of the study on economically useful traits (winter hardiness, yield, fruit weight, raceme length, resistance to diseases and biochemical composition of berries) are shown.

On a set of economically useful traits the promising varieties were selected (red currant ‘Dana’ and white currant ‘Bayana’ bred in All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Selection of Fruit Crops (VNIISPK)).

The research was carried out in the Gomel Experimental Station of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

The object of research is a summer raspberry variety ‘Meteor’, propagated in vitro, class A, SSE.

The article presents the results of biological monitoring of the time of formation of aphid populations and their mass flight during the raspberry vegetation. As an element of technology, permanent biological monitoring of both vectors and the diseases is necessary. The number of insecticidal treatments should be increased and the interval between treatments should be reduced to 7 days.

To increase the yield of standard seedlings in the raspberry mother plantation, in spring, when the plants reach no more than 20 cm in height, raspberry shoots must be thinned as an element of technology.

Article presents the two-year comparative study results for the indicator of the sugar-acid index, the content of free organic, ascorbic and hydroxycinnamic acids, dry, tanning and pectin substances, soluble sugars and basic groups of bioflavonoids in fruits of 9 new V. corymbosum – Bluecrop (st) varieties introduced in Belarus, Bluejay, Nui, Puru, Spartan, Sunrise, Toro, Brigitta Blue and Elliott. It was shown that the highest content variety of dry substances in them was Puru, free organic acids – Elliott variety; Ascorbic acid – Nui, hydroxycinnamic acids – Elliott; Pectin substances – Sunrise and Elliott; Tannins and major groups of bioflavonoids, in addition to catechins, – Elliott, catechins – Bluecrop. Soluble sugars – varieties Sunrise and Brigitta Blue, the first of which, like the variety Puru, was characterized by the highest value of the sugar-acid index.

The highest integral level of nutritional and vitamin values of fruits, in the aggregate of analyzed traits, surpassing that of the other varieties in 1.3–16 times, is established in the Elliott variety, while the smallest one is found in Spartan and Toro varieties.

Article presents general description of the structure of the flower of blueberry, as well as provides high-quality features of morphometric parameters of the flower parts and inflorescences. It describes full flower, actinomorphic, with a double perianth, bisexual, with cyclically placed on a flat receptacle in four rounds phylloids. Corolla has white colour, length 7.1–11.6 mm in diameter 5.6–8.1 mm, with 5 free limb. Androecium usually consists of 10 stamens, rarely 11. The gynoecium is represented by one syncarpous pestle 6.6–10.6 mm. Blueberry flowers are collected in racemose, drooping, brakeosis blossom cluster an average of 6.2 for Blueray cultivar and 9.8 for Darrow cultivar.

The article describes the results of the study of introduced walnut varieties on the basis of the main traits that determine the adaptability of the variety to the conditions of Belarus: winter hardiness and resistance to diseases. It was established that the studied varieties of Russian breeding ‘Rodina’ and ‘Stanislavsky’ had a sufficient genetic level of winter hardiness, since frost damage of annual branches at –29.7 °C from did not exceed 1.5 points which was the level of the standard variety ‘Samohvalovichsky-2’ and exceeded it in the resistance to brown patch – Marssonia juglandis (Lib.). These varieties are complex sources of these traits for walnut breeding of. In addition to these, varieties ‘Garant’, ‘Mendeleevsky’ and ‘Tulsky tonkokory’ could be used as the source material of winter hardiness in further breeding work.

Columnar growth habit is important breeding trait of apple. The use of molecular markers allows in the early stages of ontogenesis to determine with high reliability the identified columnar genotypes and to reduce the time of the selection process. The results of the identification of columnar apple forms using molecular markers С18470-25831, Mdo.chr10.12, 29f1-jwl1r and 29f3-30r were revealed. Markers C18470-25831, Mdo.chr10.12 does not allow high reliability to differentiate apple genotypes for by growth habit. Markers 29f3-30r and 29f1-jwl1r flanking the insertion in the Co locus of the columnar forms the most reliable are the identification of columnar genotypes. That insertion in the genome of non-columnar apple cultivars is absent. With the use markers 29f3-30r and 29f1-jwl1r the dominant allele of the Co gene was identified in the genome of columnar cultivars Valuta, Vasyugan, Geyser, Gotika, Zelyonyy shum, Kaskad, Moskovskoe ozherel’e, Ostankino, President, Priokskoe, Strela, Teleymon.

Among fruit and berry crops cherry is considered to be an important source of phenolic compounds. The review of scientific literature and the results of own researches of the polyphenolic complex of cherry fruit are presented, the composition of certain groups of polyphenols is shown, their antioxidant role and importance as medical components are reflected. The most common compounds of this group are phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaroylquinic acid, anthocyanidins (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidine-3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidine-3-O-rutinoside), flavonols (rutin) and flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin). Valuable genotypes with a high level of accumulation of these components from different regions of Russia and abroad have been identified. In the conditions of the Central Black Soil Region (Michurinsk), the following varieties and forms are characterized by a high content of polyphenolic substances such us ‘Revna’, ‘Valery Chkalov’, ‘Creolka’, ‘Adelina’, 8–96 (anthocyanins); 10–115, 8–112, 6–87, 8–91 (catechins); 8–108, 10–104, 6–87, 8–113 (sum of flavonols); ‘Rodina’, ‘Annushka’, ‘Fatezh’, 9–8 (chlorogenic acid).

The paper presents the strawberry fruit characteristics as an important source of biologically active compounds – vitamin C, folic acid and phenolic constitutes as well (anthocyanins, ellagic acid, flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids and others). On the base of the scientific publications vitamin profile was composed, it reflects the accumulation of vitamin groups – especially for this crop. In spite of all diversity of strawberry vitamins, the importance of the given crop as source of vitamin C, folic acid, polyphenol compounds (anthocyanins, catechins, ellagic acid) is obvious. As a result of investigations of vitamin and polyphenol composition of fruit taken from gene collection of strawberry fruit under the circumstances of the Central Black Soil Region (Michurinsk), the most important forms were isolated for the content of: ascorbic acid – (Festivalnaya romashka, Korona, Sudarushka, Rusanovka, Privlekatelnaya, Festivalnaya (apomicts), Pamyati Zubova), catechins – (Privlekatelnaya, Lastochka, Pamyati Zubova, Red Gauntlet, Festivalnaya (apomicts)), anthocyanins – (Flora, Feyerverk, Pamyati Zubova, Privlekatelnaya, Rubinovy kulon), total flavonols – (Rubinovy kulon, Pamyati Zubova, Privlekatelnaya, Yarkaya).

For the first time in Tajikistan the analysis of prevalence of grape viral diseases was carried out by enzyme immunoassay (DAS-ELISA and TAS-ELISA). The following viruses have been found in grape cultivars: GVA, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, GFLV, RRV. Viruses GLRaV-1, GFkV, SLRV, TBRV, ArMV were absent in grapes cultivars. Viruses were found in 9 grape cultivars (‘Peshpazak’, ‘Kishmish Irtyshar’, ‘Anzob’, ‘Kishmish Cherny’, ‘Mugchaloni’, ‘Zebo’, ‘Kishmish adisi rozovy’, ‘Pobeda’, ‘Sokhibi’) of 35 and in 5 vineyards of 6 surveyed.

In The Institute for Fruit Growing in 2015–2017 apple fruit of Belarusian commercial varieties was screened for natural weight loss at short-term and long-term storage.

For two months of storage of varieties the natural weight loss was: ‘Belorusskoye sladkoye’ – 1.07 %; ‘Vesyalina’ – 1.18 %; ‘Verbnae’ – 1.25 %; ‘Darunak’ – 1.21 %; ‘Imant’ – 0.89 %; ‘Nadzeyny’ – 1.42 %.

At long-term storage (180 days), losses from natural weight loss for ‘Belorusskoye sladkoye’ variety was 10.40 %; ‘Vesyalina’ – 8.75 %; ‘Verbnae’ – 7.45 %; ‘Darunak’ – 9.78 %; ‘Imant’ – 8.59 %; ‘Nadzeyny’ – 10.09 %.

In fact the decrease in weight of apples of domestic varieties exceeded the permissible loss according to ‘Standards of natural loss of fresh potatoes, vegetables and fruits at long-term storage in warehouses of various types’.

In The Institute for Fruit Growing in 2013–2015 the evaluation of effect of chemicals of the new generation: Delan – 0.7 kg/ha, Merpan – 1.8 kg/ha, Bellis – 0.8 kg/ha, Luna tranquility – 1.0 l/ha on the resistance of apple varieties ‘Verbnae’, ‘Vesyalina’, ‘Darunak’, ‘Imant’ to diseases during vegetation and short-term storage was carried out.

It was established that all preparations used in the garden in the stage of fruit formation and ripening, to a varying degree increased the yield of standard fruits per a tree: by 1.9–3.4 % for ‘Verbnae’, 3.0–5.5 % for ‘Vesyalina’, 3.3–4.1 % for ‘Darunak’, 4.1–5.9 % – for ‘Imant’. In addition, they reduced the incidence of fungal infection in varieties: ‘Verbnae’ – by 1.9 %, ‘Vesyalina’ – 3.1 %, ‘Darunak’ – 3.2 % and ‘Imant’ – 3.0 %.

The study results of fungicide treatment effect in the orchard 20 days before harvest with fungicide Bellis, Delan, Merpan to natural loss of apple fruits mass, percentage of fruits with fungal diseases during the harvest and storage period in the conditions of South-West region of The Republic of Belarus are presented in the article.

The additional treatment with preparations Delan, Bellis, Merpan 20 days before harvest reduces the loss of fruits from fungal diseases during the storage period from 5.98 % (control) to 2.69–4.69 % on Belorusskoye Sladkoye cultivar, from 0.42 % (control) to 0.36 % on Darunak cultivar using the preparation Merpan. And reduces physical alterations of fruits of Belorusskoye Sladkoye cultivar from 5.55 % in control variant to 2.17–4.22 %, on Darunak cultivar from 3.31 % in control variant to 0.36–3.17 %, on Imant cultivar from 5.40 % in control variant to 1.50–2.14 %.

The greatest yield of marketable production in testing variants with application of Bellis and Delan preparations was obtained on Belorusskoye Sladkoye cultivar – 93.1 and 94.0 % respectively. With application of Delan and Merpan on Darunak cultivar – 98.6 and 99.3 %. With application of Bellis, Delan, Merpan on Imant cultivar – 96.0–96.2 %.

The article presents the results of a technological study of the introduced in 2016 pear variety ‘Beurré Alexandre Lucas’ on suitability for processing. The variety is distinguished by high taste and commercial qualities of fruit, the average weight of which varies from 179.5 to 197.4 g. Average organoleptic evaluation of fresh fruits – 4.5–4.7 points. The pear fruits of the variety ‘Beurré Alexandre Lucas’ are suitable for producing of directly squeezed juice, strained fruit with sugar and puree frozen with sugar and less suitable for fruit nectars.

The article describes the results of studies to determine the suitability of varieties of Viburnum L. for the production of nonalcoholic juice-containing beverages and to identify the optimal parameters for the content of the fruit part and soluble solids in the product.

The objects of research were fruits of regional Viburnum L. varieties ‘Pamiaty Valentiny’, ‘Taezhnie rubiny’ and a new promising variety ‘Karali’. The varieties most suitable for the production of nonalcoholic juice-containing beverages were identified, – ‘Taezhnie rubiny’ and ‘Karali’.

The influence of receipt components on the formation of consumer properties of nonalcoholic drinks containing Viburnum L. juice was established. A comparative analysis of the results of the organoleptic evaluation showed the best quality beverages with the content of fruit part 13 % and 15 % of soluble solids.

Creation of collections of genetic resources of fruit, soft fruit, nut-fruit crops and grapes of the Institute for Fruit Growing is carried out by collection and introduction of wild species, samples of foreign and domestic scientific and folk breeding, according to the presented ‘Methodology for collection and preservation in live condition of collections of fruit and berry crops, nut crops and grapes’.

The methodology describes the main methods and techniques associated with the preservation in the live condition of collections of fruit, nut and berry crops and grapes. Forms of journal books were developed to record incoming and conservation of samples, the introductory and quarantine nursery, collection plantations, acts of identification and outcome of samples.

The methodology is intended for specialists of research, breeding, educational, public and other organizations with collections of genetic resources or involved in research projects of the state program in the field of conservation and rational use of genetic resources in the field genebanks.

The methodology for assessing the vigor of the cherry and sweet cherry genotypes in the garden, the crown volume, the crown projection area and the cross-sectional area of the stem were used. For each vigor group, specific indicators of these characteristics were defined. It was recommended to use the methods when studying growth processes of varieties and selection of genotypes with different vigor and recommended optimal planting schemes for them, in which their genetic potential would be most fully realized. In accordance with the vigor group, it was recommended to use the scheme of planting in the garden: for very dwarf forms – 4 × 1.5 m, for dwarf – 4 × 1.5–2 m, for semi-dwarf – 4 × 2–2.5 m, for semivigorous – 4–5 × 2.5–3 m, for vigorous ones – 4–5 × 3–3.5 m.

The process regulations of strawberry production using a complex of machines has been developed on the basis of analysis of world achievements, scientific research and production experience [1–6].

The regulations include the following sections: site selection, requirements for soils and predecessors, soil preparation and site organization, requirements for planting material, planting, mulching, fertilizing, pest and disease control, harvesting and storage, economic efficiency of production of strawberries.

Compliance with the requirements of the regulations ensures the yield of 13 tons per hectare of fresh berries with a yield of commodity output of at least 95 %, a profit of $ 154.1 per ton, a profitability level of 328 %, and a return on investment of 0.7 years.

The regulations describe the characteristics of the product, the main technological operations in the storage of strawberries, the requirements for the technological process of the regionalized varieties of strawberry storage in the conditions of the normal atmosphere.

Begomoviruses are considered as one of the largest group of plant viruses that infect a wide range of crops. Begomoviruses infect only dicotyledonous plants. Begomoviruses are transmitted exclusively by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Begomovirus comprises over 100 species. There are three types of begomoviruses: 1) bipartite; 2) monopartite; 3) monopartite viruses associated with DNA β. DNA β is essential for symptom induction by the begomovirus and increases the level of viral nucleic acids in infected plants. Recombination plays an important role in the evolution and genetic diversification of emerging begomoviral populations. In The Biotechnology Department of The Institute for Fruit Growing we are going to study the distribution of begomoviruses in honeysuckle cultivars propagated at The Institute for Fruit Growing.

Agricultural plant diseases caused by viruses cause significant economic damage: viruses decrease crop harvest, worsen quality of production, decrease resistance of plants to fungal and bacterial diseases and to abiotic stresses. Honeysuckle is also infected by viruses. In some cases mixed viral infection or latent viral infection occurs in honeysuckle. The next virus families were found out to infect honeysuckle: Flexiviridae, Potyviridae, Comoviridae, Bromoviridae, Geminiviridae, Tombusviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Secoviridae, Virgaviridae. Immune-enzyme assay can be used to detect honeysuckle viruses. The world practice shows that decrease of harmfulness of viral diseases of small fruits is possible only on the basis of wide introduction into production of virus-free planting material received in specialized scientific centers. Combination of thermotherapy and tissue culture provides elimination of some viruses from honeysuckle.

In recent years, production of walnut in Ukraine due to favorable soil and climatic conditions for its cultivation takes a leading position in the world and Europe. 50 % of fields are suitable for walnut growing. The promising zones for commercial culture of walnut are the Transnistrian-Carpathian region and Transcarpathia. The beginning of the development of the walnut business in all regions of the country: more plantations are being planted with the renewed assortment of walnut and hazelnut nut, new technologies are being used in industrial nurseries and gardens. The problems that prevent the walnut business from fully developing in Ukraine are also shown.

The review article presents the state of walnut and the development of walnut business in Ukraine, as well as the results of the work of the Ukrainian Walnut Association.